Causes of the Construction Defects

Ca habits of the spin Defects social social organisation disfigurements are very public and often arising or spot in the whirl discombobulate, especi every last(predicate)y in the foresee which has pathetic management or supervision in the kink land site. Construction imperfection dissolve be known as a major problem in the reflection industry that could vex the value of a expression decrease eventually. For the move of what is social organization stain in that respect is no direct or picayune answer or explanation to answer the question of what is winding defect. Construction defect in the plait project conveningly jackpot be arise from two mains factor which is defect cause by trade and land movement. Some of the framework for the commonplace grammatical spin defect brush aside be defective concrete of frame, cracking of slab wood structural struggle by termite, leaking in the edifice and and so forth other than that, wrench defects in whirl proje ct stash adequate to the movement of land movement could be at a lower placeground water, settlement, improper compaction during earthwork stage and short(p) of drainage. Every edifice project is always involved and appears the term of pull defect for the reason of there is no a building or project without defect occurs. In arrange to flying field the further detail education of causes, opinionuate and methods to calumniate complex body part defects in grammatical social organisation project, this dissertation would be require out for the social function of study in deep of complex body part defect.1.2 look into BackgroundClimatic of Malaysia are change aggressively, therefore all of the buildings in Malaysia are expose to the aggressive environment all the time. Because of this, majority of the building in Malaysia go away overhear the defects occurs in the buildings after the building is occupier a period of time.The purpose of conduct this interrogation is to study the common social structure defect in the social structure project. Once the defects study, it is in any case required focus on the set up of the construction defects that allow for occur, since defect is precedent of cause of the construction defects. In additional, in order to besmirch the construction defects, an evaluation on methods to minimize the construction defect exit excessively be focus on this look for.1.2.1 motilitys of the construction defectA construction defect chamberpot be known as a piece in the building are built by the asseverator or design by professionals not according to the specification, plan, not comply with the construction code that established by the authority( Calvin Cal E. Beyer, 2011). Construction defects can be also defined as that leave behind make the project dangerous, unsafe, causes the user of the building to be injured or dead (Michael S. Poles, GC, CM, RCI, DABFET, ACFE, 1995). It can be occurs during the constru ction process and cause the project costly rework, project not clear in time and affect the overall consummation of the building.Construction defect can be classified as 2 types, which are ostensible Defects and Latent Defects. Patent Defects can be detected by the normal inspection or testing and apparent to naked eye, for cause chapiter leak or a foundation crack. However, Latent Defects are hugger-mugger and cannot dis get acrossable by normal examination or testing which pull up stakes appear itself after a period of time (Anon 1, 2007).According to the researcher from the University of Florida, construction defects can be various types and influenced by many factors in the construction industry. The common types and the causes of the construction defect can be include (Calvin Cal E. Beyer, 2011)Improper design worthless workmanship that leads to poor finishing feelImproper means or methods of installationImproper or poor flavour of the heartysDefective material or p oor material performanceMissing or inadequate protection from weather or environmental condition in the construction site.Soil subsidence, movement and settlement run aground on the few studies of researcher, the operations of the construction defect can development the overall construction cost and the final quantity of the project (Zietsman, R., 2004) and a survey conducted by the Building investigate Establishment in the coupled Kingdom, it found that 35% of the defects were arise from faulty construction(Assaf, Al-Hammad, Al-Shihah, 1995). It can be repayable to the reason of bad workmanship, inadequate supervision and substitution of poor material, comp whizznts or fixings.Beside those common type and the causes of the construction defect has stated above, the 35 to the highest degree frequent defects was identified by the Building Research Establishment. The causes of defects that were identified which is (Assaf, Al-Hammad, Al-Shihah, 1995) overlook of inspectionMaking us e of inexperienced, unqualified inspectorsAvoiding and ignoring inspection completelyNon death penalty of corrective actions during the construction processInaccurate measurementMaking use of defective or damaged formworkExcavations to close to an existing building and exposing the foundationsNon-conformance with seal specificationsInability to read and recognise/ say drawingsInsufficient concrete coverImproper construction of cold jointsLoss in adhesion mingled with materialsStripping formwork too earlyUnacceptable soil compaction procedures incompetent curing proceduresLack of communicationNon-compliance with specificationsInability to read and understand/interpret drawingsInsufficient site supervisionLack of communication between the owner, designer/engineer, project managerEmploying unqualified supervisorsSpeedy completion of certain activities specifically where equipment is on hireUnqualified labor forceMultinational construction experienceDefects resulting from the wrong selection of materials use materials un fitting for the climatic conditionsUsing cheap materialsMaking use of expired materialsInadequate storage facilities impose on _or_ oppress of equipmentEquipment not performing to specificationLack of the proper equipmentCross referencing and fine referencing on drawings lackingConflicting details on drawingsDetails of sections on drawings lackingAccording to Marianne (2005), these 35 defects listed above can be sort in to 4 categories which areDesign deficienciesMaterial deficienciesConstruction deficiencies subterraneous/geotechnical problem1.2.2 Method to minimizing the construction defectIn construction industry, there is varying of the methods to minimizing or reduce the construction defects. According to Alice M. Noble-Allgire (2008), improving prime(prenominal) control can be known as a method to minimize the construction defects occurs. A quality control programs can be set up by the detergent builder and use to reduce the constru ction defects. Besides that, structuring their contract with certain of the rules that can ensures that the parties take responsibilities on the defects that created under his works. Construction defects can be also minimizing by the improved oversight, for example builder can improve their building inspection practices in all the way. Other than that, if there is insufficient for improve the quality control, it also can through licensing, certification, and education requirement to improved the quality control. For example, a contractor which intended to select, the contractor must be register with the Construction constancy Development Board know as CIDB. With the registration, that can ensure the quality of contractor and the works.1.2.3 Effect of the construction defectConstruction defect can decrease and affect the value of the buildings. According to Atkinson, (1999), defects are developments in construction that reduces the projects value instead of adding to it.Other than r educes the project value, where the construction defect apparent, It also can cause the project totally determine which mean not complete with in the period state in the contract. Cost overrun can be known as one of the effect when the construction defects happen in the construction site. Construction defect lead also affect society at large out-of-pocket to likely danger posed and result in direct and validating cost in repairs, abnormally high maintenance dispute and possible loss of building.1.3 Problem StatementConstruction defect in the construction project is very common. It is because buildings are exposing to the inclement weather especially in the climatic country such as Malaysia. Construction defects can be arising due to inadequate design, poor workmanships in the construction and lack of maintenance. The defects that in the construction project can become worst and worst due to the reason of invisible defect that not discover by the builder or the occupants. Constr uction defect can be also convey negative impact to the occupant, builder, and country. Therefore it may affect the appearance of the building, health and safety of the occupant, country economic, reputation and etc. Thus, this problem can cause occupant unhappy eventually.1.4 Research Aims and Objectives1.4.1 AimThis research was aimed at identifying and studies the causes and effect of construction defects in the construction sector. Besides that, the other aim of this research is to study the methods of minimizing the construction defects in construction projects.1.4.2 ObjectivesIn order to chance upon the aim of this research the nonsubjective has been listed as followTo determining and understand various types of construction defects in construction projects.To identify the causes and do of the construction defects in construction projects.To analyze the methods used to minimizing the construction defects in the construction projects.1.4.3 Key QuestionWhat is construction defect?What are the effects of construction defect can be occurs in construction projects?What is the solution or methods to minimize the defect?1.5 Importance and Benefits of StudyThis research go away have benefits of to prevent the construction defects occur. Thus, this thesis pass on study the causes, effects and the methods to minimize the construction defects. Besides that, this study can also enhance the fellowship of the builders or any participants involve in the construction in order to increase the quality of the buildings.1.6 Scope of StudyVarious types of construction defects get out be study for the purpose of understanding the construction defects.The main stage setting get out be the causes of the construction defects will be study in depth and identify the most common causes that cause the construction defects occurs in the construction project.Followed by the effects from the various construction defects that occur in the construction project will be study.Fo r the last, the method to minimize the construction defects will be analyzes.1.7 Methodology of ResearchIn order to apply the useful knowledge for this dissertation study purpose, there is few methods to roll up the selective information and information. Since the type of the entropy to be collecting having not been deciding therefore there is a consequence stage to follow. stagecoach 1 Literature ReviewLiterature review is the Initial stages of the methodology, because some of the information that is useful for setting out the questionnaire.There is numbers of way or method for take hold out literature review to obtain information for this dissertationMagazinesJournalsArticlesBooksNewspaperInternet (www.google.co www.yahoo.com)Stage 2 Choose of suitable selective information collection methodThere are 2 types of the methods to collect the data had been choose for this dissertation, which categories in 2 types. Only one of the methods will choose for this research to collect t he data among the 2 methods.QuantitativeQuestionnairesA set of questions will be form base on aim, neutral of this study and the information that I found in the literature review. brand groups experience contractor and the site supervisor.Reason personal financial and able to obtain the data in short period.QualitativeCase studyObservation and investigation (site visit).Targeted Place construction sites, occupied buildingsIdentify the common defects in the construction project and some of the movie will be taken.Stage 3 Data outlineOnce the data collected, in this chapter will synopsis the data that collected from the questionnaire and case study by either method of SPSS, table method or bar chart. epitome will includeRespondent age undisturbed data for Cause of defect in construction projectFind out the major causeCollected data for the effect of defect in construction projectFind out most worst effectCollected data for the method to minimize the defect in construction project Analysis which method most efficientDetails of the construction site or buildingComparison of site or buildingmajor(ip) defects arise in construction from the case study dataStage 4 Conclusion and RecommendationConclusionResult of analysis will be conclusion.Judgment for the result will be including in the conclusion.For example which common cause of the defect in the construction project.Most effective method to reduce the defect in construction project will conclude.RecommendationA further scope of study will be recommended.Most effective methods as remedial action for construction will be recommended.Some of the field for study in depth will recommended.1.8 Summary of chapters1.8.1 Chapter 1 IntroductionIn chapter 1, information regarding the research subject area will be dish aerialsed in brief in the introduction. Other than that, accentuate in this chapter will further study in depth the causes, effects and method to minimizing the construction defects. For example, defec ts can be categorized in 2 types, which is patent and latent defect. In additional, the research aim and objective will also include in this chapter follow by research methodology, which is how the data be collect and analyze.1.8.2 Chapter 2 Literature ReviewIn chapter 2 Literature Review, the causes of the construction defects will be discussed. Once the causes of the construction defects is discussed, the effects of the construction defects will also be discuss follow by the methods to minimize the construction defects. In additional, ways of obtain information for the purpose of conduct Literature Review will be from the articles, journals, internet, reference books and etc.1.8.3 Chapter 3 Research MethodologyIn Chapter 3 Research Methodology, structure of questionnaire will be form and the procedure of the case study will be plan. (If case study method is choose). Once the information obtains from the questionnaire, it will be listed in this chapter. deterrent example for the structure of questionnaireImproper design Poor workmanship that leads to poor finishing qualityImproper means or methods of installationImproper or poor quality of the materialsDefective material or poor material performanceMissing or inadequate protection from weather or environmental condition in the construction site.Soil subsidence, movement and settlementThis questionnaire is base on the Likerts scale of 5 ordinal measures from 1 to 5 according to level contributing. For example= powerfully Agree (4) = Agree (3) = moderate (2) = Disagree (1) strongly disagreeExample of the case study procedureStep 1 Selecting the sitesStep 2 Meet up with sites manager and get approvalStep 3 Conduct case studyObservationTake necessary photoStep 4 Gather all the dataStep 5 Analysis the data1.8.4 Chapter 4 Data AnalysisOnce the data successful collected from the questionnaire or case study, the following step is to analysis the data in this chapter 4. The methods use to analysis the collected dat a can be SPSS, Bar Chart or table method. For example the data can be analysis included Respondent age, collected data for Cause of defect in construction project, collected data for the effect of defect in construction project, details of the construction site or building, major defects arise in construction from the case study data.1.8.5 Chapter 5 Conclusion and RecommendationIn this chapter a conclusion will be conduct to conclude the whole research including the result from the analysis that carry out through the SPSS, bar chart. Besides that, most effective methods to minimize the construction defects will be recommending base on the result of analysis in order to fulfill the research aim and objective.1.9 SummaryIn Chapter 1, general information regard this Research will be discus in the introduction such as definition of the construction project and defects. Some of the further information from other resource such as internet, articles, books, magazines and etc will be discu ss in further in the Research Background. For example, causes of the construction defects, methods to minimize the construction defects and effects of the construction defects in the construction project will be discuss in more detail.Identifying and studies the causes, effects and methods to minimize the construction defects is the aim and objective for this Research.In additional, the Methodology of this research will include literature review and data will be collect from either questionnaire or case study.In this chapter, the aim and objective include identifying and studies the causes and effect of construction defects in the construction sector, and the methods to minimizing the construction defects in construction project.