EU-Belarus Relations Free Essays

This paper will use 5 articles from around the globe on the subject of the relations among Belarus and the European Union. The reason here is to expose the purposeful publicity, the unverified bits of gossip and western-supported assaults on Belarus and explicitly, its leader, Alexander Lukashenko, uncontrollably well known in Belarus itself. The Moscow Times (May 4, 2009), talks about the chance of Lukashenko boycotting the EU’s highest point in Prague that equivalent week. We will compose a custom exposition test on EU-Belarus Relations or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now There are two reasons given for this. To start with, that the visit may â€Å"irritate† some EU individuals, and furthermore, that piece of the plan of the gathering is to advance the â€Å"economic integration† of eastern Europe inside an EU run system. Both of these reasons are telling. In the first place, the financial achievement of Belarus outside of the framework financed by the International Monetary Fund has undermined the European Union and the United States. The unlimited allegations of vote apparatus and mistreatment are gave a false representation of by the way that Lukashenko is directing an immense extension of the post-Soviet economy of Belarus, and that he holds to a strong prevalence rating of 80%, this after more than 10 years in office. The Los Angeles Times (September 25, 2005) has stated: â€Å"even [Lukashenko’s] fiercest adversaries don’t question the precision of free surveys that rate him the most well known legislator in this nation. † Yet, the significant papers and offices here don't make reference to it by any means. From the Financial Times (May 2, 2009), the Belarussian outside Minister, Sergei Martinov, fears that the Prague Summit would have transformed into an opposition for Belarussian support. At the end of the day, that the EU was utilizing this highest point to draw Belarus away from Russia. Martinov said that â€Å"We won't settle on a decision between the EU and Russia. We won't create relations with one to the detriment of relations with the other. † It appears that the feelings of dread of Lukashenko and his administration are advocated here. The main levelheaded motivation behind why the EU, whose open disdain for Lukashenko is every day clarified, would need Belarus to go to the Prague culmination is so they can remove Belarus from the assurance of Russia with the point of changing her profoundly fruitful political framework. What other government would endure this? It appears to be more that the EU looks for the collaboration of Belarus, at any rate mostly on the grounds that Russian oil pipelines and much refining limit goes straight idea Belarussian region. While the EU publically censures Belarus for unclear violations, the Belarussian outside exchanging system has been hurling inclined towards the EU and away from a reliance on Russia. Belarus is ably playing the two sides, making herself key for both the Russian and the European range of authority. The truth of the matter is that, obscure revilements aside, Belarus despite everything sports a huge exchange and spending excess, high monetary development rates and a joblessness pace of around 1%. These numbers are hard to contend with, and consequently, the EU’s approach has now been coordinated more towards discourse rather then encounter. In April 29, 2009, the Euro-Business paper from Brussels came out with a scorching article assaulting Belarus from a Polish perspective. It relates the leader of the European parliament’s judgment of Belarussian approaches while talking in Poland, and reminds perusers that Lukashenko was under an EU forced travel boycott lifted uniquely in October. In any case, what are the realities here. Once more, the leader of the fairly innocuous EU parliament assaults Belarus for an absence of majority rule government. Be that as it may, Belarus has 14 free and rather enormous ideological groups, some ace Lukashenko, some contradicted. Belarus has many exclusive papers of various foundations, including the enormous enemy of government Charter 97 news organization. Clearly, the issue isn't over â€Å"democracy† however Belarus’ solid feeling of national freedom, remembering for terms of financial combination with the EU. Star Belarussian educator Matthew Johnson had this to state about the circumstance in Belarus: In Belarus, a nation the size of Kansas, there are around 800 papers. Of this, around 600 are exclusive. There are around 450 magazines are different sorts. Of these, around 300 are possessed by private financial specialists or business people. In TV, there are 9 state possessed stations, and around 40 stations claimed by private financial specialists (Johnson, 2006). On April 30, 2009, the Soros claimed Radio Free Liberty paper composed that â€Å"Czech President Vaclav Klaus has said he would neither shake Lukashenko’s hand nor welcome him to the Prague stronghold on the off chance that he goes to the Czech capital. † No purposes behind this youthful eruption are given. It does unequivocally recommend that the EU and the US are squeezing European pioneers to freeze out the autonomous Lukashenko. His monetary achievement and flourishing vote based system are a danger toward the west where popular government is equal for â€Å"integration with the west. † Lukashenko’s free course and financial accomplishment far or more either Poland and Czech Republic as far as salaries and joblessness (cf. World Bank Report, 2009). The Russian News and Information Agency composed on February 18, 2009, that â€Å"The EU intends to remember Belarus for its new program, Eastern Partnership, depending on the prerequisite that Minsk consents to EU requests on the country’s democratization. † as such, Belarus can be a piece of Europe insofar as she stops to be a free nation and grants Brussels to rebuild her residential strategy. Furthermore, would Great Britain like it if Belarus wouldn't deliver any oil to Europe except if she pull out of Northern Ireland? This is about force, and the international strategy autonomy of Belarus. Declining to follow any western line, Belarus has solid financial and military binds with Iran, China and Vietnam, subsequently disrupting the general flow of western international strategy. This appears to have more to do with the EU’s hatred for Minsk than everything else. In any case, regularly, the papers managed here decline to manage the significant issues. To begin with, nothing unless there are other options papers at any point managed the monetary accomplishment of Belarus, in any event, when such achievement is approved by the World Bank measurements themselves. Second, they won't manage Lukashenko’s prevalence and, in conclusion, decline to manage the long history of the CIA in endeavoring to destabilize that nation, consequently provoking Lukashenko’s neurosis about outside control. Paul Labarique writes in the Non-Aligned Press Network: The Bush administration’s numerous endeavors to topple Alexander Lukashenko and destabilize Belarus to carry it toward the North Atlantic circle (NATO) have fizzled. Not definitely in light of the fact that the incredibly tyrant president has had the help of Russia, but since it has depended on his voters. Valuing the country’s great monetary execution and the support of their freedom, the Belarusian questioned a restriction excessively straightforwardly submitted to Washington’s interests (February 18, 2005) While this is a dated reference, it shows that many are dubious about the purported enemy of Lukashenko resistance and the CIA’s long running impedance in Russian, Ukrainian, Serbian, Georgian and Belarussian races. In any case, none of this is talked about in the significant news sources in America or the EU. The later articles managed in this paper will not manage any of the significant issues engaged with the west’s silly assaults on Lukashenko. However, what are the papers forgetting about? Clearly they are under a lot of worry to paint Lukashenko in the most desperate hues conceivable. Yet, this is an issue: if the significant papers overall are declining the report reality, than what does this say? It says that, particularly in increasingly dark pieces of the world, CIA contribution can prompt mutilated announcing for reasons of â€Å"national security. † Or it might be just that the journalists included would prefer not to be tossed out of the nation club, or that, much more, the Radio Free Europe report is inspired by the way that the Soros NGO’s were tossed out of Belarus a few years prior as specialists of the CIA. In any case, the reality remains that paper revealing is exceptionally suspect, but then, the issues here are enormous: Russia is an atomic furnished nation, and pushing Belarus too hard is, somewhat, pushing Russia. To re-make the Cold War is likely not the best thought on the planet, and the way that Belarus is contacting China and Venezuela recommends that an elective exchanging and military coalition is being framed. The image the papers paint of Lukashenko is an excessive dictator. However that isn't upheld up by realities in any discussion. Thus, in perusing papers about the relations among Lukashenko and the EU, one must be careful about the predisposition of the creators. The issues that the creators are not raising either on the grounds that they are excessively oblivious of the nuances, or they are feeling the squeeze, are that first, Belarus is a financial and political achievement. Lukashenko appreciates wide ubiquity and has controlled the impacts of both the separation of the USSR and the current monetary emergency. In any case, Lukashenko’s strategies have been driven by state autonomy and the longing for a multi-polar world. This has prompted dangers from the west that has driven further to the realignment of Belarussian legislative issues towards hostile to western focuses all through the world, including the vital zone of atomic force (Kommersant, 2006). The west’s approaches in this regard have been disappointments. In any case, it is additionally certain that the media is likewise a significant force behind the assaults on Lukashenko, frequently without the realities and examination important to bode well out of the complex political circumstance of smal

Assessment Unit 002 Understanding Inclusive Learning and Teaching in Lifelong Learning

6302 Level 3 Award in Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector Unit 002 Understanding Inclusive Learning and Teaching in Lifelong Learning Name: Date: Word Count: 1. 1 Summarize learning and training systems utilized in own specialism As a First Aid Instructor, I convey an assortment of courses enduring between one to three days in length. I attempt to differ my training styles relying upon the subject and furthermore on the learning styles of the understudies. Accomplishing the right equalization is a significant test. I address all these distinctive learning styles I utilize a scope of instructing methods.At the beginning of an instructional meeting I utilize an ice-breaker to let the understudies present themselves and it likewise allows me to guage the profundity of their insight. I at that point give my point of the meeting and clarify my targets. Inside the meeting itself I will utilize power point, fusing photographs and recordings. I will at that point do a down to earth introduction, at first with no clarification then I will rehash the showing with clarification. At last I will request that the understudy show the expertise, giving the analysis. The training procedure is known as EDIP, clarification, exhibition, impersonation, practise.I like to have a flip outline and will utilize it to develop any subject should I be required to. They manner by which we learn is somewhat reliant on the sort of discovering that is included. There are three kinds of spaces of learning. They are Cognitive, Affective and Psychomotor. Psychological students require the ‘thought process’ style I. e. knowing the ‘how’ and ‘why’. These competitors will adore learning realities, figures, the getting procedures and critical thinking. For instance, what makes the heart beat, the various rhythms of the heart and what occurs if the heart has a sporadic beat†¦.A understudy with Affective learning includes the utilization and s how of feelings, emotions or perspectives towards others. These applicants will be the sort of individuals who comprehends the requirement for quiet assent or the requirement for early defibrillation. An understudy with Psychomotor kind of learning will have the manual and physical aptitudes and will get a kick out of the chance to have a hands-on approach. They will appreciate the opportunity to rehearse CPR on a puppet and relish the idea of tying somebody up in wraps. These three styles of learning were achieved by a man called Benjamin S Bloom (1913-1999).Bloom's (and his partners') introductory consideration was centered around the ‘Cognitive Domain', which was the principal distributed piece of Bloom's Taxonomy, included in the distribution: ‘Taxonomy Of Educational Objectives: Handbook 1, The Cognitive Domain' (Bloom, Engelhart, Furst, Hill, Krathwohl, 1956). The ‘Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: Handbook II, The Affective Domain' (Bloom, Masia, Krathwohl ) as the title infers, manages the detail of the subsequent space, the ‘Affective Domain', and was distributed in 1964.Various individuals proposed detail for the third ‘Psychomotor Domain', which clarifies why this area detail fluctuates in various portrayals of the total Bloom Taxonomy. The three most prominently referenced forms of the Psychomotor Domain appear to be those of RH Dave (1967/70), EJ Simpson (1966/72), and AJ Harrow (1972). From these spaces we have four sorts of students †dynamic, intelligent, scholars and trial. Dynamic students like to master something by doing it right away. They can get fretful and regularly won’t trouble to peruse the guidelines or manual, they like to discover for themselves.Reflective students are the individuals who like to ‘wait and see’. They sit back, watch others, and consider it before acting. They like to take as much time as is needed. Scholars like to comprehend what things truly mean or how can it fit with something. They are intelligent and objective. They will consistently consider things and can be sticklers. Trial students like to test. They are motivated via instructional classes and need to try out their freshly discovered abilities. They attempt and discover increasingly viable methods of getting things done. They may take alternate routes or devise their own strategies for working. They like critical thinking and get things quickly.They can get baffled if not ready to take a stab at something for themselves rapidly. To address all these distinctive learning styles I utilize a scope of educating strategies. Toward the beginning of an instructional course I utilize an ice-breaker to let the understudies present themselves and it additionally allows me to guage the profundity of their insight. I at that point give my point of the meeting and clarify my targets. Inside the meeting itself I will utilize power point, consolidating photographs and recordings. I will at th at point do a commonsense introduction, at first with no clarification then I will rehash the exhibition with explanation.Finally I will request that the understudy show the expertise, giving the critique. The encouraging strategy is known as EDIP, clarification, showing, impersonation, practice. I like to have a flip outline and will utilize it to develop any subject should I be required to. 1. 2 Explain how ways to deal with learning and instructing in own specialism address the issues of students They manner by which we learn is halfway reliant on the sort of discovering that is included. There are three kinds of spaces of learning. They are Cognitive, Affective and Psychomotor. For nitty gritty clarification please allude to address 1. To guarantee that I have addressed the requirements of the student I ceaselessly watch and evaluate the understudies. I will have questions and answer meetings at customary stretches and furthermore prefer to utilize tests to incorporate a pleasan t component. These might be done on an individual or group premise. It will advance a feeling of rivalry and ideally rouse the understudy to learn. In a group circumstance it is phenomenal for group building and furthermore urges the gathering to share thoughts and hear each out other. The functional meetings will especially speak to the Activist students as they like to get included and hands on.It will permit the understudy to rehearse their abilities in a controlled domain. I inquire as to whether they are eager to share any encounters, possibly medical aid circumstances where they have been effectively included. This allows the understudies to share genuine stories and clarify how the hypothesis contrasts and genuine situations. This would engage the Theorist students. 1. 3 Describe parts of comprehensive learning If a few encouraging procedures are joined then the necessities of most of understudies will be provided food for. On the off chance that an understudy has a specific incapacity, at that point extraordinary arrangements may should be made for them.Should an understudy be dyslexic then a few changes can be made to suit their adapting needs. Any printed text would be imprinted on pastel shades of yellow paper and bigger textual style could be utilized. It is valuable to sit the understudy in however much normal light as could be expected as fluorescent lighting can demonstrate hard for them. I would utilize a bigger number of pictures than text to improve their learning experience,. A halfway located understudy could be given a seat that bears the best perspective on the mentor and preparing helps. In the event that important think about video recording devices.Learners with hearing inabilities †l would ensure they are situated as close to the front as could be expected under the circumstances. I would likewise incorporate however many visual guides as could be allowed to help their learning. I would likewise give freebees of all points secure d to guarantee nothing had been missed. On the off chance that a student had a physical inability I would need to think about access and furthermore account for a wheelchair in the study hall. I would should be set up to take any preparation helps that the understudy required straightforwardly to them. 2. 1 Explain how to choose comprehensive learning and instructing techniquesDyslexia †Lots of visual pictures and conversation. Loads of down to earth meetings to gain proficiency with the various methods,. Incompletely located student †Lots of oral guidance and conversations. Question and answers meetings instead of composed work. Physical incapacity †Train them the hypothesis and strategies of emergency treatment with the goal that they can educate another person what to do on account of a health related crisis. Hearing incapacities †More visual guides and commonsense exhibitions. Gifts to strengthen information. 2. 2 Explain how to choose assets that address the issues of learnersIt is my duty to choose the scope of hardware that is required on the course. Contingent upon the necessities of the understudies I will choose the assets required to get the ideal learning levels. For instance, on account of a dyslexic student I may require pastel hued paper for freebees. My capacity point introduction may should be acclimated to incorporate more pictures and recordings. 2. 3 Explain how to make evaluation openings that address the issues of students There are two different ways to pick up appraisals and ensure learning has occurred.These are Formative and Summative evaluations. I would increase an Initial Assessment toward the beginning of the course to evaluate the degree of information and comprehension of the understudy. This should be possible by requesting that the understudy present themselves, including these subtleties. Developmental Assessment is a piece of the instructional procedure. In the event that the information base isn’t at the necessary level for that phase of the course then I would need to return over the meeting to strengthen the learning. Perhaps it would require a difference in instructing abilities to suit the learning style of the student.It is essential to complete a developmental evaluation at a beginning period and to rehash it during the center of the meeting to guarantee than any acclimations to the educating can occur adequately. Summative Assessment is utilized toward the finish of a meeting so as to affirm that the ideal degrees of learning have been reached. I would sum up the learning focuses then survey the degrees of information utilizing an assortment of strategies. The aftereffects of this last appraisal must be

Research Statement on the Impact of the American Culture to Canadian Cultural

Generally, Canada has been exposed to different societies, for example, that of the British and the French. From as early the 1500s, European travelers, dealers, and anglers from England, Ireland and France helped structure the premise of Canadian culture. Presently in the cutting edge period, there is another expansion in the rundown of social impacts influencing the Canadian culture. This social treat comes as the contemporary American culture.American impact is unmistakably obvious yet not completely recognize by most Canadians. A few people imagine this is an inferred demeanor however there is additionally an extraordinary number who accept this is unequivocally showed in the Canadian culture. Closeness and the movement of individuals, thoughts, and capital were esteemed to be the reason for America’s colossal impact on Canadians (Canada culture).This study expects to reveal the pickle of the Canadian culture according to being related to the American Culture. Open impress ion of the United States as a worldwide powerhouse in governmental issues, financial aspects and culture has created an intense American culture wherein for this situation, Canadians have unwittingly held onto it as shown in their affection for Hollywood, U. S. scenes and American vernacular (Kellogg, 2004).Determining the beginning stage, degree and impact of the American effect on Canadian culture will give an abundant measure of data that would investigate the manners by which American impacts have tested Canada's social qualities and asks whether Canada can keep up its own character. The period secured would begin from present current time on present. The time span moderately speaks to the period of globalization when culture is heightened and enhanced to meet the clatter for innovations.Generally, Post innovation is a development of thoughts emerging from, yet additionally condemning of components of innovation. This definition encapsulates the current situation with the Americ an culture. Understanding Culture It is critical to comprehend and recognize parts of culture that prompts its invasion across geological and political limits. It is similarly critical to comprehend the foundations of social divergence and contrasts that frequently puts two civic establishments, however geologically bordering, at unobtrusive degrees of contention and confrontation.The social range holds various shades for an individual, a general public and a country, as needs be helping every one of them to acclimatize and adjust to a typical character that is characterized and molded by culture. During the time spent developing this aggregate character, culture rises above its customary job of giving a total allowance of faith based expectations, customs, standards, values, morals, conventions, good, social and lawful codes, recognitions, and theory, to turn into the general physical system for the general public to function.Culture achieves a genuine structure, rendering a three dimensional living space for individuals to encounter its living power (Mahant and Mount, 2002). Culture is emphatically related with geological setting of a spot, religion, ethnicity, and race, clarifying why various nations have various societies, and furthermore why puts on beach share basic components of culture that is very not quite the same as culture of rugged places.The engraving of culture on ways an individual thinks, acts, sees nature and models his/her response is extremely solid and for all intents and purposes permanent, deciding each part of human conduct and offering ascend to social personality notwithstanding individual and national character. Despite the fact that the exemplary discerning decision system says that individuals are autonomous in decision of their conduct and approach towards occasions, its seen that at inconspicuous levels the basic model gave by culture goes about as definite determinant in foreseeing an individual, a general public and a nation.A lthough culture is dynamic, developing and consistently overhauling itself, basically, these progressions happen inside the setting of culture’s own time span (Mahant and Mount, 2002). One of the most significant commitment of culture to human progress is the direction given towards different societies, making the way of life being referred to responsive, open minded, unconcerned or out and out antagonistic towards various societies. Social orders are only from time to time mono-social, showing a scope of social attributes, accomplished through ages of exchanges, contact, and multifaceted mixing.However, in spite of the fact that for individuals having a place with a specific culture, their way of life would scarcely appear to be mind boggling, the social truths are covered up underneath the surface, hard to watch and observe from outside. These inappropriate understanding and defective impression of culture frequently offer ascent to struggle when various societies are requi red to meet or run over. Social Dialog and Imprinting among USA and Canada lately, the Canadian social arrangement has adopted an internal glancing strategy so as to limit impact of United State Culture while supporting Canadian social elements.The talk of social protectionism is recognizable pointed towards ensuring Canadian social, its power and personality; guaranteeing rack space for Canada in a world totally involved by Americanism; guaranteeing a zone of inventive freedom to Canadians where their stories would be theirs’ alone. This thoughtful person demeanor is additionally elevated with a plan to counter the market strength of American items, their selling techniques, , their unfair arrangements against Canadian products and their test to Canadian feeling of autonomy, solidarity, and character (Mahant and Mount, 2002).It is no big surprise that this rationale is likewise sent as a contention for securing and advancing social assorted variety. Such talk have come more than once off Canadian government officials, social pioneers and taken up intensely an enormous area of Canadian media. (Acheson and Maule, 1999, 329-48). Notwithstanding, these moves do not have an authentic point of view of US and Canada connection that goes back to the soonest long stretches of pilgrim settlements. When United States of America accomplished its freedom in 1783, it involved thirteen standard settlements, including the vast majority of individuals, and tenable pieces of the locale at the time.What was left of British North America contained a huge domain with meager however fundamentally English talking populace as an immediate aftereffect of the American Revolution when the majority of the supporter fled there (Maule, 2003). This prevalently English culture suggested that this district, which would be later, sorted out as Canada would bear a cozy relationship with its strategically and financially propelled neighbor. The coupling string of English language and sam e English culture gave both Canada and USA a typical social stage, particularly in an enormous and separated landscape.The social connection between two nations occurred at same recurrence and inside a similar setting, and it filled Canadians with a feeling of creation and acknowledgment of a joint social space where occasions in United States didn't happen over the fringe, rather over the limit divider (MacKinnon, 1973). The sentiment of nonstop social space pervaded through the majority of nineteenth century, as individuals across outskirt set up close connections and movement between the two countries occurred without breaking a sweat than intra-state travel in some countries.Naturally, inferable from its boss size, populace, immeasurably more noteworthy economy and modern ability, USA played the job of elder sibling between two countries and for the underlying days, Canadians were completely content in following USA as a good example for all intents and purposes all parts of the ir life (Maule, 2003). Thus it is nothing unexpected that training, political framework and social structure of Canada intently toed on US lines (MacKinnon, 1973). By the start of twentieth century, US media, press and communicate were to a great extent overwhelming their Canadian counterparts.Reports refering to reviews led in the period 1920-26 express that Canadian readership for US magazines, books and papers had gone on record-breaking high, deserting British and even their own distributions by a few degrees (Acheson and Maule, 1999, 329-48). Then, with development of movie and remote communicate, Americanism, its morals and its qualities found an a lot snappier and shorter course to infiltrate Canadian skylines. The social expansion of USA in Canada was of adequate solidarity to shape its business advantages to the enthusiasm of United States business endeavors (Maule, 2003).However, Canadian character got a significant lift post the Second World War, where their outfitted arm ies had separated themselves. Social issues currently took centerstage and a few commissions organized by Canadian government were consistent in their proposals for setting up chambers that would supervise advancement of Canadian workmanship, writing, music, and feel, free of the medication loaded bohemian US mainstream society. By 1957, Canadian government had set up the committee for craftsmanship and music and opened Canadian open library.The government even took a few generally draconian measures, for example, exacting expense on mainstream American magazines so as to occupy the readership also sponsors to Canadian distributions. The administration additionally put resources into setting up a system of colleges and universities with autonomous educational plan than their US partners (Peers, 1969). Ensuring Canadian Culture Canadian culture has consistently been defensive towards its prior British root, and despite the fact that there is a persistent convergence of individuals fr om around the globe in Canada, the basic Canadian qualities draped near pioneer recollections for a significant time(Dean and Dehejia, 2006).Naturally the totally un-customary and un-universal American worth framework and social images had consistently represented a danger to conventional qualities and social arrangement of Canada. Further, the internal advancement towards nationhood since 1960 has penetrated a sentiment of patriotism in Canada, where, coming out of British social domin

Feminism And Gender Equality In The 1990s Essay Example For Students

Woman's rights And Gender Equality In The 1990s Essay Generally speaking, the rights and status of ladies have improved impressively in the only remaining century; in any case, sex equity has as of late been compromised inside the most recent decade. Unmitigatedly misogynist laws and practices are gradually being dispensed with while social view of womens jobs proceed to deteriorate and even debase back to customary beliefs. It is these social discernments that challenge the advancement of ladies as equivalent on all levels. In this examination, I will contend that unpretentious and obtrusive sexism keeps on existing all through instructive, monetary, proficient and lawful fields. Ladies who cautiously follow their normal jobs may never perceive sexism as a harsh power in their life. I find numerous equals between womens encounters in the nineties with Betty Friedans, in her paper: The Way We Were 1949. She managed a general public that normal ladies to satisfy certain jobs. Those jobs totally ignored the necessities of taught and spurr ed agents and logical ladies. All things considered, the unpretentious message that society gave was that the informed lady was really narrow minded and shrewdness. I recall specifically the singing impact on me, who once expected to be a clinician, of a story in McCalls in December 1949 called A Weekend with Daddy. A young lady who carries on with a desolate existence with her mom, separated, a scholarly smarty pants analyst, goes to the nation to go through an end of the week with her dad and his new spouse, who is healthy, glad, and a decent cook and nursery worker. Also, there is love and giggling and developing blossoms and hot mollusks and a gourmet cheddar omelet and square moving, and she doesnt need to return home. Be that as it may, feeling sorry for her poor mother composing endlessly without anyone else in the dejected loft, she stays quiet that starting now and into the foreseeable future she will be living for the minutes when she can run away to that fantasy home in the nation where they comprehend what life is about. (See Endnote #1)I have frequently counseled my grandparents about their encounters, and I locate their verifiable viewpoint illuminating. My grandma was pregnant with her third kid in 1949. Her work experience included: inside structure and displaying womens garments for the Sears list. I requested that her read the Friedan paper and let me know whether she felt as moved as I seemed to be, and to impart to me her encounters of sexism. Her quick response was to bring up that Betty Friedan was a school instructed lady and she had certain objectives that never intrigued me. My grandma, however growing up during when ladies had barely any social rights, said she didnt experience harsh sexism in her life. Be that as it may, when she depicts her life achievements, I feel she has gone through the majority of her time on earth satisfying the normal jobs of ladies as opposed to seeking after objectives that were for the most part held for men. Unconsciously, her life was constrained by conventional, chauvinist esteems pervasive in her time and still common in the nineties.Twenty-four years after the abo ve article from McCalls magazine was composed, the Supreme Court chose whether ladies ought to reserve a privilege to a fetus removal in Roe v. Swim (410 U.S. 113 (1973)). I accept the choice was made for womens rights for the most part on the grounds that the court settled on a dynamic choice to consider the lady as a human who might be inspired by different things in life than simply being a mother. Equity Blackmun conveyed the accompanying opinion:Maternity, or extra posterity, may compel upon the lady a distressful life and future. Mental damage might be fast approaching. Mental and physical wellbeing might be burdened by kid care. There is likewise a trouble, for all concerned, related with the undesirable youngster, and there is the issue of bringing a kid into a family effectively unfit, mentally and something else, to think about it. In different cases, as in this one, the extra challenges and proceeding with disgrace of unwed parenthood might be included. (See Endnote #2)I feel the court choice of Roe v. Swim would not have been made in 1949. Indeed, even in 1973, it was a dynamic choice. The issue of premature birth has existed for the whole history of this nation (and past), however had never been tended to on the grounds that talking about these issues was not socially adequate. A culture of not examining issues that profoundly affect ladies is a culture that urges ladies to be feeble. Together EssayThe right of fetus removal turned into a significant issue. Prior to 1970, around a million premature births were done each year, of which just around ten thousand were legitimate. Maybe 33% of the ladies having illicit premature births for the most part destitute individuals must be hospitalized for confusions. What number of thousands passed on because of these unlawful premature births nobody truly knows. Be that as it may, the illegalization of premature birth unmistakably neutralized poor people, for the rich could oversee either to have their child or to have their fetus removal under safe conditions. (See Endnote #3)A pundit of the womens development would rapidly advise us that ladies reserve an option to decrease marriage and sex, and seek after their individual advantages. Nonetheless, I would contend that the social weight ladies must suffer on the off chance that they don't comply with their normal job is uncalled for. The issue goes past social similarity a nd crosses into government mediation (or deficiency in that department). The 1980s saw the pendulum swing against the womens development. Vicious acts against ladies who looked for premature births got normal and the administration was unsympathetic to the people in question. There are matches between the Southern Blacks social equality development and the womens development: Blacks have for some time been acclimated with the white government being unsympathetic to brutal acts against them. During the social equality development, legitimate activity appeared to be possibly to come when a white social equality lobbyist was executed. Ladies are confronting comparative dismissal by and by, and their development is genuinely one for social equality. A national battle by the National Organization of Women started on 2 March 1984, requesting that the US Justice Department research hostile to premature birth psychological warfare. On 1 August government specialists at long last consented to start to screen the savagery. In any case, Federal Bureau of Investigation executive, William Webster, proclaimed that he saw no proof of fear mongering. Just on 3 January 1985, in a professional forma articulation, did the President reprimand the arrangement of bombings as vicious rebel acts however he despite everything would not term them fear based oppression. Reagan conceded to Moral Majoritarian Jerry Falwells resulting effort to have fifteen million Americans wear armbands on 22 January 1985, one for each legitimate fetus removal since 1973. Falwells hostile to fetus removal upheaval encapsulated Reaganisms direction: We can no longer inactively and unobtrusively trust that the Supreme Court will adjust their perspective or for Congress t o pass a law. Fanaticism on the privilege was no bad habit, control no excellence. Or on the other hand, as Hitler clarified in Mein Kamph, The absolute first fundamental for progress is a never-endingly steady and customary work of viciousness. (See Endnote #4)This attitude proceeded through 1989 during the Webster v. Regenerative Health Services (109 S. Ct. 3040 (1989)) case. The Reagan Administration had asked the Supreme Court to utilize this case as the reason for upsetting Roe v. Swim. (SeeEndnote #5) It is upsetting that the moderate increases accomplished by the womens development are so unpredictable and imperiled when traditionalist organizations increase a greater part in government. To place the issue into point of view: a womans option to have a fetus removal in this nation didn't come until 1973. Under two decades later, the leader of the United States is pushing to remove that right. It appears to be glaring that society is keen on taking care of ladies. From the above models, it seems American culture lean towards ladies as non-proficient, non-scholarly, homemakers and moms. This attitude isn't effectively settled, in light of the fact that it is presented at a youthful age. Alice Brooks experienced disparity based on her race and her sex. In her personal history, A Dream Deferred, she reviews the response of her dad when she raised the possibility of school to him:I found a grant for veterans kids and requested that my dad sign and outfit confirmation that he was a veteran. He can't and revealed to me that I was just going to get hitched and have babies. I expected to remain at home and help my mom with her children. My sibling required school to help a family. Not exclusively was I not going to get any assistance, I was likewise labeled as childish in light of the fact that I needed to attend a university. (See Endnote #6)This is another case of ladies being marked as egotistical for needing indistinguishable open doors from men. Alice Brooks is an extremely gutsy lady; apparently ready to conquer any mistreatment she may experience. During her introduction to our group, she said that ladies who prevail in male ruled fields are never fair they are unprecedented achievers. Her understanding typifies a significant part of the inconspicuous sexism that exists today. I feel that nobody can genuinely be equivalent in a general public when just the uncommon achievers are permitted to prevail out of their normal social job. This disposition of rising unmitigated and unobtrusive assaults on womens social liberties is additionally exemplified in ongoing responses to governmental policy regarding minorities in society plans. These plans have been concocted to attempt to offer ladies and minorities a chance to partake in generally white male ruled territories. Be that as it may, we see similar patterns in legitimate activity for the utilization of governmental policy regarding minorities in society designs as we found during the 1980s reaction against the Roe v. Swim choice. A couple of fascinating focuses were introduced for the situation, Johnson v. Transportation Agency, Santa Clara (480 U.S. 616 (1987)). Mr. Paul E. Johnson documented suit against the Santa Clara County Transportation Agency when he was denied an advancement, feeling the companys governmental policy regarding minorities in society plan prevented him from claiming his social equality. Some intriguing realities were introduced in this case:Specifically, 9 of the 10 Para-Professionals and 110 of the 145 Office and Clerical Workers were ladies. By cont

Social Class and Inequality Free Essays

string(217) French the qualification of being a contract bunch that qualified them for an influence, distinction (and obviously wealth) that different gatherings were consequently denied except if they showed a comparative family Driedger, 2001). Social Class and Inequality Social disparity has been characterized as a clashing status inside a general public with respect to the individual, property rights, and access to instruction, clinical consideration, and government assistance programs. Quite a bit of society’s imbalance can be ascribed to the class status of a specific gathering, which has normally been to a great extent controlled by the group’s ethnicity or race (Macionis Gerber, 2006). The contention point of view is an endeavor to comprehend the gathering strife that happens by the assurance of one’s status to the detriment of the other. We will compose a custom paper test on Social Class and Inequality or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now One gathering will fall back on different intends to safeguard a perfect economic wellbeing through financial esteem, combination of intensity (political and budgetary), and control of assets. In Canada, despite the fact that its effect is every now and again limited, social imbalance exists, but since most of residents partner only with individuals from their own class, they are frequently ignorant of the noteworthy job social disparity keeps on playing (Macionis Gerber, 2006). A deficient appropriation of riches remains â€Å"an significant component† of Canada’s social imbalances (Macionis Gerber, 2006). Riches can be characterized as the measure of cash or material things that an individual, family, or gathering controls and at last decides the status of a specific class (Macionis Gerber, 2006). Canada’s social classes can be separated into four, and the riches isn't appropriated similarly between them. To begin with, there is the transcendently Anglo high society, in which the greater part of the riches has been acquired; and they involve roughly 3-to-5 percent of the Canadian populace (Macionis Gerber, 2006). Next, there is the working class, which is comprised of the best number of Canadians, almost 50 percent with ‘upper-middle’ class regions creating cushy livelihoods of somewhere in the range of $50,000 and $100,000 while the rest are acquiring sensible livings in less renowned salaried employments or as talented industrial workers (Macionis Gerber, 2006). The common laborers speaks to around 33 percent of the Canadian populace, and their lower wages leave little in the method of reserve funds (Macionis Gerber, 2006). At long last, there is the lower class, which is spoken to by around 20 percent of the populace (Macionis Gerber, 2006). Among these are the alleged working poor whose salaries alone are not adequate enough for satisfactory food or safe house (Macionis Gerber, 2006). Their day to day environments are frequently isolated from the standard society in concentrated ethnic or racial networks (Macionis Gerber, 2006). The most ruined individuals from this class can't produce any salary and are totally dependent upon government assistance programs. One of the essential integral factors regarding what decides riches, influence, and societal position is word related renown (Macionis Gerber, 2006). For instance, in Canada, doctors and legal counselors keep on dwelling at the highest point of the social stepping stool while paper conveyance people or neighborliness staff rank at the base (Macionis Gerber, 2006). The developing uniqueness in pay is starting to take after that of the United States with roughly 43. percent of the Canadian pay being concentrated inside the best 20 percent of social range while those in the last 20 percent are getting a negligible 5. 2 percent of that pay (Macionis Gerber, 2006). About 16 percent of Canadians were arranged as being â€Å"below the destitution line† in the mid-1990s, and consistently, near a million people depend upon food banks to take care of their families (Macionis Gerber, 2006). The pay a specific class procures is resolved in huge part to the measure of instruction got, but then so as to get an advanced education cash is required. There is likewise a solid relationship among's pay and human services. The higher the pay, the more prominent the quantity of value clinical administrations there are accessible (Macionis Gerber, 2006). The affluent or upper white collar classes can manage the cost of particular consideration that isn’t commonly secured by a regions general human services plan, along these lines augmenting the hole of uniformity between the social classes. Inside the limit of the Canadian fringe we can see the partition among ethnicity, and riches which decides class. Studies show that predominately the British and French Canadians gain the most elevated levels of pay though the Africans, certain Asian gatherings, Latin Americans, and Aboriginals reliably rank close to the base (Macionis Gerber, 2006). As of late, there has been an expansion in salary disparity with the 14 percent of devastated Canadians in the lower social classes of families headed by single parents, female senior residents, indigenous people groups, and the ongoing deluge of outsiders (Reutter, Veenstra, Stewart, Raphael, Love, Makwarimba, and McMurray, 2006). On account of social rejection, neediness is sustained with specific gatherings reliably shut out of the open doors that may better even out the social scales (Reutter et al, 2006). Canadian humanist John Porter’s concentrated about altogether on force and class, his advancement look into was distributed as The Vertical Mosaic: An Analysis of Social Class and Power in Canada in 1965 (Driedger, 2001). Doorman investigated the effect of race and ethnicity upon social versatility and noticed that Canadian social history has been dictated by ‘charter groups,’ essentially the English and the French arranged in Ontario and Quebec, while the English were broadly scattered in both rustic and urban regions, getting progressively urbanized because of industrialization and the fortunes being made, the Quebecois gathering was about solely country in geology and reasoning (Driedger, 2001). Force inspected how power connections created along social class lines and how the contention among these sanction bunches affected contrasts in social classes (Driedger, 2001). As per Hier Walby (2006), Porter introduced the contention that â€Å"an ‘entrance status’ is allocated to less favored outsider gatherings (especially southern and eastern Europeans†¦ that confines aggregate gains in training, pay, and enrollment among Canada’s elite† (p. 83). This passageway status was, in Porter’s see, sufficiently able to make a social boundary much the same as India’s standing framework (Hier ; Walby, 2006). After 10 years, Porter made comparable determinations when he noticed that his Canadian evaluation work delineation study uncovered, â€Å"Ethnicity fills in as an impediment to social mobility† (as refered to in Driedger, 2001, p. 421). The manners by which social renown and force are resolved are profoundly established in Canadian history. For example, 1867’s British North America Act gave the British and the French the differentiation of being a sanction bunch that qualified them for an influence, notoriety (and obviously riches) that different gatherings were naturally denied except if they showed a comparative family Driedger, 2001). You read Social Class and Inequality in classification Exposition models The sanction dialects and societies, however isolated, would manage the cost of these individuals with selective benefits (Driedger, 2001). They would have programmed access to society, while different gatherings would need to fight for entrance and to make sure a bout status. Hence, while a couple figured out how to get through, most ethnic gatherings were reliably rejected passageway. Consequently, they had to take occupations of low class status and their level of absorption into Canadian culture would be dictated by the contract individuals (Driedger, 2001). There is a sharp differentiation among industry and account as far as responsibility for assets. The financiers apply the most social control, and in light of the fact that they have been truly increasingly keen on ensuring their own advantages, the indigenous industrialized gatherings have been debilitated (Panitch, 1985). Southern Ontario remains the well off center of the Canada’s modern division, while the indigenous gatherings and other lower classes stay both provincially and socially disconnected (Panitch, 1985). Language is another force asset that has been controlled as an instrument of intensity and distinction. While the French have for quite some time been a contract of Canadian culture, as in the United States, being socially discrete has not implied correspondence as far as class status. In the years following World War II, the French Canadians of Quebec have looked for more prominent freedom (Driedger, 2001). Their discontent brought about the foundation of the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism in 1963, which stressed the idea of a â€Å"equal partnership† (Driedger, 2001, p. 21). Despite the fact that sanction dualism isn't verbalized in the Canadian constitution, the Quebec provincials accepted that their 33% French-talking status alongside the developing number of dialects spoken by non-contract individuals justified a renaming to at any rate bilingualism and no more, an affirmation of multiculturalism that would expel existing social obstructions and give m ore prominent social access. These endeavors have in this manner miss the mark, and consequently Quebec addition may one day become a reality. Different assets of intensity in Canadian culture are spoken to by the responsibility for and homes. In Canada as in many pieces of North America, homes speak to riches due to the â€Å"forced reserve funds, speculation thankfulness, and insurance against inflation† it speaks to (Gyimah, Walters, ; Phythian, 2005, p. 338). Possessing

This Isnt Goodbye

This Isn’t Goodbye “This isn’t goodbye, this is see you later!” I told my family as they left that Monday, August 26 from Parents Orientation. It was true. Family Weekend was only at the end of October, a mere 59 days, 4 hours, 32 minutes, and 53 seconds away. But who’s counting? In the mean time we stayed in minimal contact as I slowly matured into autonomous, independent adult. Just kidding! I still called my mom whenever I was sick. I still talked to my family every few days. But this isn’t a story about me finally being able to do laundry by myself or to know which medicine I should take for what symptoms. This is a story about how I survived Family Weekend. It was Friday, October 25th. My family was coming at 10am. I knew I had to wake up early enough to clean and prepare for their arrival, so I set my alarm for 8am. I woke up at 11. After throwing everything underneath my bed or in the closet, I put on my best MIT gear and made the ten-minute trek to campus. I met up with them at the Student Center my mom, my dad, and my three younger brothers. They had even brought my grandparents and my uncle from Costa Rica. I couldn’t wait to show them all around. During CPW, I was just as lost on the MIT campus as they were. But this time, I had already been here for two months. I knew how to navigate the academic buildings and where the different labs are. I had to find something that I could show them. Something that’s a perfect representation of MIT culture. So I showed them a 400lb grand piano plummeting seven stories to its death onto an equally bulky 400lb grand piano waiting on the grass. The massive crowd that gathered to watch the piano drop. Turns out the piano was filled with candy.  They called it a piañata.  People scurried to the crashed piano for the candy. My parents and I alongside one of my friends and his parents. Watching 800lbs of wood shatter, metal bend, and candy splatter sure builds up an appetite. Where should we have dinner? Some nice restaurant in Boston? Cambridge? Nah, my parents wanted Maseeh Dining. I didn’t blame them. When I first got here, I loved Maseeh Dining. I came from a high school that consisted of pizza, cold turkey sandwiches, and milk served in a tiny carton for lunch. Eating at Maseeh was like eating at a four star buffet on a broke college student’s budget. You walk in to chandeliers on the ceiling (or maybe I’m just imagining the chandeliers because of the regality of the place). I had told my parents again and again about Maseeh and how great it was, so that was naturally their choice of dinner. I used nearly all of my guest passes, but we managed to get all nine of us in there. I felt so bad for the chefs! We enjoyed ourselves to the plethora of lasagna, fries, burgers, salads, fruits, hot dogs, bread, cookies, orange juice, milk, and ice cream. Because of my meal plan, I had Maseeh nearly every day and it had become commonplace. However, my family still saw it as an amazingly wide selection of foods. Interestingly, that made me begin enjoying it again, even though I’ve had it nearly every day. After dinner, my family went off to attend one of MIT’s concerts and I went off to a meeting. On Saturday, I got up earlier. MUCH earlier. 8am early. They wanted to see my frat house. And I wanted to make sure it was clean. Our frat has the reputation of being one of the cleanest houses at MIT, and all of the brothers and pledges make sure it stays that way. We clean the house weekly, taking care of it and making sure everything is in order. Our frat was holding a small barbecue for Family Weekend. When my family arrived, they were greeted by some of the brothers and met several others while inside. I told my family about all the exciting things we did during Rush and during my first two months as a pledge. They also chatted it up with the parents of other Hispanic pledges in the frat. Speaking of Hispanic, it was time for Cena a las Seis (Dinner at Six for those without Google Translate), an annual Family Weekend event held by the Latino Cultural Center. It was semi-formal, and we enjoyed a “traditional Latino dinner with student performances and presentations, along with talks by representatives from the various different Hispanic student groups.” It was a lot of fun, and I even got a great picture. After Cena a las Seis, my family could’ve chosen just to go their hotel and call it a night, but, of course, I couldn’t let them leave without them seeing one of the most important parts of MIT Culture a cappella. So I took them to the Greater Boston Invitational Songest, an a cappella concert held in Kresge Auditorium. We were amused by the Muses, entertained by the Toons, and surprised by the Asymptones. They sang an a cappella version of The Fox by Ylvis. My personal favorite was the crossover between Badtameez Dil and Shakira’s Whenever, Wherever performed by the Ohms (Seriously, if any of you Ohms ever read this, that was amazing!). Badtameez Dil/Whenever, Wherever performed by MIT Ohms.  You can check out the other performaces I mentioned on my YouTube channel. Afterwards, we went back to my familys hotel room and watched Man of Steel. I had some nice talks with my parents and some bonding time with my brothers by playing the games we always used to play. We spent the next morning exploring Boston. Then we visited Harvard and walked around wearing our MIT gear. Family Weekend was coming to an end. When it finally came time for goodbyes, none of use felt too sad. Why? Because we knew that it wasnt goodbye. It was only see you later. Now theres only 9 days, 21 hours, 8 minutes, and 32 seconds until Thanksgiving.

Gap Year

Are you a senior questioning weather to go to directly to college or to take a year or two off? A gap year is a year, usually between high school and college, when people work or travel or both. The gap year originated in the United Kingdom in the decade after the Second World War. The first gap years started in the United Kindom when the baby-boomer generation headed to India on the Hippie Trails inventing the ‘independent travel market’ (Wikipedia).The concept of a Gap Year is growing in all age groups in the UK, Australia, New Zealand and Canada. The US is bound to become the next name on the list with the rise of a neccesity to aquire a passport for international travel. Although right now the gap year in America isn’t seen very often, with people going directly from high school to college and then straight into work, it is on the rise and you should participate in it and help it to become more popular. The first reason why you should consider taking a year o ff before college is that you will give yourself a break from all of stuff that you have to deal with in school. One example would be homework. You wouldn’t have to plan your day with at least 30 minutes for every class for homework. Also, you could go worry free about having your grade drop because you forgot to do an important assignment. Another example would be tests. All of those tests you have to take throughout school can make a person really stressed out. In taking a gap year you can forget about studying, doing reviews, and all of that junk. You can take a year to clear your mind. A further example would be environment. In most high schools there is a lot of drama and cliques. In taking a year off you could get away from it all. If you decided to travel then you could travel to a place where it’s peaceful and quiet, or to a place where people don’t care what you do or look like; they just accept you for you. When you are done with your gap year you are refreshed and willing to return to school. The second reason why you should take a year off is so that you can think about what you want to do. First, you could explore your job choices. If you wanted to go into say journalism you could get a job that has you working like a journalist, and you can decide if it’s a career that you could truly stick with. Maybe, if you’re unsure about what you want to do for a career you could try out a bunch of different jobs that interest you and decide which one you like the most. Second, you could get opinions. If you plan on traveling, you could ask the new people that you meet what their opinion is. You could ask if they think the college that you’re going to is a good one, if your career of choice suits you, or even if you are really good at that career. Third, you could visit colleges. If you haven’t applied for college yet, you could go to different colleges that you like and see if they are the perfect college. I f you have applied for college, you could go and get a better look at the surroundings so you won’t look lost when you start school. The third reason why you should take a year off is for the real life experience. The first example for real life experience is jobs. John Challenger, an employment guru, said, â€Å"Generally when kids are coming out of school, they don’t have much on their resumes. Employers struggle to understand, is this person engaged, involved accomplished? A gap year can be beneficial because it gives recent grads something to talk about† (Chatzky). This shows that in taking a gap year you could build up your resume. You could impress people by getting a stable job for the year, and show that you are dedicated to that profession and are willing to do anything to keep that job. If you have a few jobs on your resume, than you might have an advantage over the competition because you have been in the job circuit before and you know how it works . In addition, you could work on yourself and see if you a truly a people person. If you are not, a gap year could really help you out. A second example of a real life experience is money. Everywhere you go you need money. In taking a year off you could save up for the cost of college or for your living space during your college years. Alternatively, you could go around the area where your college is and find a cheap apartment so you already have somewhere to live before you go to college. That way you are not frantically searching for one a few months before college, and there is a possibility that an apartment could be cheaper than a dorm room at the college. A third example of a real life experience is dreams. Everyone has them and everyone wants theirs to come true. Instead of diving from high school right into college and from college into your job, you could take some time off to do some of the things that you want to do. You could take that vacation, which you know you are go ing to be begging for in a few years, a little earlier. Alternatively, if there is somewhere exotic that you have always wanted to visit ever since you were a little kid, you could go, and brag about it to all of your college friends later on. Just think of your friends’ faces when they hear that you went to Africa and saw some lions, or that you went to Australia and feed the kangaroos. Despite all of the benefits in taking a year off, a few people would argue for all of the disadvantages in taking a year off. One example would be that all of your friends would be off at college while you are stuck alone somewhere. Caroline Kurtz, a gap year participant, said, â€Å"It’s hard at times to be a year behind my high school friends, but taking that year was one of the best things I’ve ever done. I felt like I gained perspective about what’s important and what’s not. It allowed me to concentrate on actually learning - - not so much in getting aheadâ €  (Chatzky). This shows that a gap year is beneficial in more ways than one. You get to do new things, have new experiences, and still love it. You can leave your high school friends even though it might be hard. When you do manage to see them again, you can tell them about your experiences in the outside world and give them a few tips. You might just be the go to person on the outside world so you would benefit from it more than if you just went straight to college. You could be in a different country or even a different continent. Maybe you are stuck at home with your parents in your small hometown with absolutely nothing to do. Well instead of pouting over your lack of friends, why don’t you go out and try to make some new ones. Go out wherever you are, walk up to someone, and strike up a conversation. Just think if you can make new friends, than you will have even more than when you started out. In addition, if you are somewhere completely different from where you gre w up, you could someone’s opinion about the world. Another example would be that you become so accustomed to where you are and what you are doing that you completely blow off college. Instead of taking just one or two years off you decide to take three or four which eventually turns into seven or eight. Why don’t you try planning out what you are going to do for your time off; if you have it all planned out then there is less of a chance that you will fall and not be able to get back up. Plan where you are going to go, what you are going to do, what you are going to see. Planning things out makes it easier to stay on track so you will not veer off the road. In conclusion, you should think about a gap year. You can forget about school and relax, you can take some time to think about what will make you happy, and you could get a taste of the real world so that you are ready for it when college is over. According to the Education Trust, a non-profit group in Washingt on DC, only 37% of incoming freshman graduate in four years. (Chatzky). That is right now with people not taking a gap year. If this continues, even more people are going to drop out due to all of the stress of being better academically. Doing all that extra curricular stuff just so that you can get into a better college, which would lead to a better career. In taking a gap year, you help yourself relieve some of that stress. If you’re thinking that you don’t want to take a gap year just out of high school, there is a solution; take your gap year off after attending college for one or two years. That way you know more than when you were in high school, but you also get to have the same experiences of the people who took a gap year. If you are interested in taking a gap year, many organizations can help you. For example at www.Gap-Year.com, you can, â€Å"Use our checklists, advice and contact links to help plan your route to a life-changing experience† (Gap-Year .com). In addition, there is a show about gap years. You can go to www.gapyearshow.com to find out more about what happens there. So instead of becoming a couch potato before you graduate from high school, get up, go out, and find out what you want to do for your gap year. Works Cited Chatzky, Jean. "If Your Kid Wants to Find Himself, Just Say Yes: The gap year--an exploratory hiatus between high school and college--is getting popular. It's a good thing." Money 34.12 (Dec 1, 2005): 40. General OneFile. Gale. Mt Anthony Union High School. 4 May 2008 . Garland, Susan B. "The Pause That Refreshes; More students are taking a year off before college for travel or volunteer work." Business Week 3941 (July 4, 2005): 92. General OneFile. Gale. Mt Anthony Union High School. 4 May 2008 .

Correlation Between Traits Found On The Autistic Spectrum...

Examining the Correlation between Traits Found on the Autistic Spectrum and Mathematical Ability Abstract Using 158 psychology undergraduates and accessing their scores on the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) and correlating them with an original mathematics test to further research the idea of a link between mathematical ability and position on the Autistic Spectrum. The results of our test do not support the idea of a link between mathematical ability and individuals score on the AQ. Introduction Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a condition that can affect a person’s social relationships, interest, communication and behaviour. Asperger Syndrome (AS) is a diagnosis given when the criteria for autism is met but there was no delay in language†¦show more content†¦Group 2 was 174 randomly selected participants, Group 3 was 840 Cambridge undergraduates and Group 4 was 16 UK Mathematics Olympiad winners. The study found that 80% of the AS/HFA participants scored over 32 on the AQ and whereas only 2% of the control scored over 32. Which indicates that the AQ while not diagnostic is an adequate measure of autistic traits and the results produced should have validity. The study also found that while the control did not differ greatly from the students, the degree type of the students had a significant effect on the outcome. Mathematics and science students scored significantly higher than those doing social sciences or humanities and mathematics was the highest among the results. This, it has been suggested, indicates a relationship between Autistic traits and mathematical ability. Similarly the Olympiad winners in the study also scored significantly higher than the controls. The idea of a link between mathematical ability and its link to Autistic traits could be attributed to empathizing systemizing theory (E-S) which has been linked with extreme male brain theory of autism (Baron-Cohen, 2010; Baron-Cohen, 2002). E-S is a theory stating that empathy - the ability to understand and sympathise with others - is underdeveloped in those on the Autistic Spectrum while their ability to systemize - control, analysis of observed systems and there rules - is in line with or exceeds that of the general

Should Racial Slurs Be Banned From Society - 847 Words

Should Racial Slurs be Banned from Society? Racial slurs have grown within American history as our society has developed into one of the greatest superpowers of the world. As a nation, America has fought several internal and external wars to advance into a free country and attain the rights it now holds. These rights, or moral principles, were established to protect the residents inhabiting each state. Countless rules of regulation against racism have been enforced by Congress beginning from the Civil Rights Act of 1866 to the Fourteenth Amendment but none touching the verbal digression faced on the basis of race, ethnicity, and nationality by millions of people. Racial slurs have gradually become a norm in society and within the English language that has lead to segregation of towns and cities, countless threats of violence due to the disrespect of cultures, and the continuation of discrimination that builds further generation to generation. If the slurs of today were forbidden by society through the firm administration Ameri ca already upholds, civility and progress could grow stronger in the country traditionally referred to as an enormous melting pot of cultures. The diversity of America is known as a melting pot formed by people across the world that immigrated for their own new beginning. Through this merge, cultures exchanged and an influx of diversity developed, but Ernest Caraventes, the author of From Melting Pot to Witch’s Cauldron, asks, â€Å"Whose culture is itShow MoreRelatedHuckleberry Finn Should Not Be Banned1404 Words   |  6 PagesWhy The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Should Not Be Banned â€Å"Banning books gives us silence when we need speech. It closes our ears when we need to listen. It makes us blind when we need sight,† Stephen Chbosky. Books open up people’s minds to new ideas and allow people to the world in a new light. 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Huck Finn is a novel in which the reader doesn’t have to look very far below the surface to see the messageRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn 1648 Words   |  7 Pagesthe most controversial books in America. The basis of this controversy can be summarized briefly for it was the use of racial slur and issues of slavery that caused tension in our society. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was banned for the first time one month after its publication. â€Å"â€Å"Not suitable for trash† was the opinion of the Concord, Massachusetts, librarians who banned it in 1885.† (PEN Am erican Center ). Twain, one of the most commonly spoken name of classic authors in America wrote thisRead MoreRacism Through the Decades770 Words   |  3 PagesShould The adventures of Huckleberry Finn be banned from schools? In the past century many people have argued whether it should or shouldn’t be. In many perspectives, this book taught people what it was like back then and how it used to be in 1884. Others believe that, the book was full of racial slurs and was just racist in general. The controversy between both sides of this book has had tremendous opinions spoken and has really changed others mind about it but if you really decypher the book itRead MoreEssay on Why The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Should Not Be Banned695 Words   |  3 Pages The decision to ban the novel Huckleberry Finn from classrooms and libraries has been an ongoing controversy. The presence of the n word and the treatment towards Jim, and other blacks in general, has made many readers unc omfortable. Despite this fact, Huckleberry Finn has been and remains a classic read. I do not believe the novel should be banned or sanitized because it is a part of American history whether it is good or bad, also we have no right to change someones writing simply because weRead MoreOf Mice and Men Argumentative Essay1115 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Steinbeck’s novel, Of Mice and Men, has a controversial history. It has been repeatedly banned by school boards. Why might this book have been banned? Is such an action justified? In a five-paragraph essay, take a position for or against banning this novel. Use your three body paragraphs to develop each of three reasons for or against banning the novel. The Lost Portion of Human Society Right from the beginning of human civilization, books had become the vital flame that ignited many greatRead MoreIs Banning Books Constitutional?1208 Words   |  5 PagesKill a Mockingbird. The Da Vinci Code. The Grapes of Wrath. These literary classics have been vital to the education of many, especially children and adolescents (Banned Books). These great novels both teach important values and educate children about world affairs and classic themes. Unfortunately, each of these novels has been banned at one point in time. In a country where freedom is so adamantly advocated, it is a wonder that an issue like censorship would even come up, that such a controversyRead MoreSlavery, Segregation, And Discrimination1264 Words   |  6 Pagesperpetuates the trend of removing power from those whose voices society silences. Utilizing the N word gives black people a measure of control over their identities that history stole. Reclamation remembers the odious history of the word and honor s the people who lived it, while giving the black community autonomy over their language, history, and selfhood. From a historical perspective, the N word has been utilized in the same way and for the same purposes as any slur. Its intention: to generalize, to

Federalism in Usa - 1172 Words

1. Provide three (3) examples of how federalism has evolved from its origins to the American political system in place today Top of Form | | Bottom of Form 2. Examine three to five (3-5) factors that have allowed the concept of federalism to shape American political behavior 3. Discuss at least two (2) factors that illustrate how the relationship between the states and the U.S. federal government influences the creation of American policies overall 1. Provide three (3) examples of how federalism has evolved from its origins to the American political system in place today. Federalism defines a concept contrary to the federal government that takes all the authority of control. Federalism implies division of command among the levels of†¦show more content†¦(Wilson/Diiulio/Bose,2014) The political system based on federalism promoted enculturation of honor and respect to bureaucracy and democracy in government within the political leaders, the citizens, and the American society. The process increased the awareness of the people to civil rights and liberty. American citizens seek Constitutional security of justice and free will from the governments. Political parties have free will to voice out and support conflicting political agenda, ideas, and ideologies. The conservative groups support the Republicans while the liberals go with the Democrats. The Republicans and Democrats represent the main American political parties along with minor independent parties. The governments cultivate federalism; the citizens also contribute in shaping up political changes by demanding reforms. Although legislators look upon creation of laws and amendment of Constitution, the citizens participate and have their voices heard. The whole time, Americans demonstrated changes in their voting attitudes. For example, the Southern states nicknamed as the Solid South used to be solid supports of Democrats but was politically divided over time (Independence Hall Association of Philadelphia. n.d.). The US Constitutions obligate the federal and state governments to maintain consistency. With democratic ruling, the federal government allows amendments of the Constitution as called by the political changes andShow MoreRelatedAssess The Significance Of Federalism In The USA Essay1450 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Assess the significance of federalism in the USA Federalism involves the sharing of powers between different levels of government. In the United States this relates to the government at national level (the federal government) and those at the level of the state. The United Kingdom is not a federal state instead it is a unitary state where power is held in one place (parliament). Federalism is the process of sharing power between a central government, in America’s case Washington, and the StatesRead MoreFederalism Vs. Cooperative Federalism1148 Words   |  5 PagesFederalism is a critically important concept in helping to understanding the American political system. The Founding Fathers of the United States had to answer important questions on how to handle power and responsibility between the states and national government. They did not want to have a situation where the federal government had all the power. They had just fought a war against Britain because of that idea. However, they did not want each individual state do ing essentially whatever they wantedRead More‘Federal Government Increasingly Dominates State Governments in the Usa.’ Discuss.1330 Words   |  6 Pagesincreasingly dominates state governments in the USA.’ Discuss The United States of America have a federal constitution, where the President of the United States, Congress, and the judiciary share powers, and the federal government shares sovereignty with the state governments. This is the stark opposite to the unitary system in the UK where sovereignty lies in parliament and some powers are given to local assemblies. There are many types of federalism; all have been a dominant influence in the AmericanRead MoreWhat Is Federalism1012 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is Federalism? Diana Reed POL110103 Professor Julie Waldon May 17, 2015 There are several systems of governments in the world today. Examples include Federalism, Monarchy and Democratic. Federalism is a form of command where two or more governments share authority over the same territory. In this system, the autonomy to carry out any state directive is given to State governments. In addition, there are other functions, which have to be made inRead MoreWhy the ratification of the constitution was a good thing1595 Words   |  5 Pagesmain goals of its adoption and established a republican form of government based on the principle of separation of powers and federalism. The basic individual rights were enshrined in the Bill of Rights. All this together gives grounds to say that the adoption of the U.S. Constitution was a historic event and played a major role in the development of democracy in the USA, as well as throughout the world. According to one of its founding fathers and the third U.S. President Thomas Jefferson, â€Å"TheRead MoreThe End Of The Holocaust1607 Words   |  7 PagesConstitution guarded the nation against tyranny through federalism, separation of powers, checks and balances, and small/large state compromises. To start with, federalism was the first step framers took to secure the country from tyranny. As James Madison stated, â€Å"power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments†¦distinct and separate documents.† Madison made a new compound republic for America, known as Federalism. The Constitution clearly differentiates between theRead MoreFederalism Is The Division Of Powers Between A Central Government And Regional Governments1480 Words   |  6 PagesFederalism is the division of powers between a central government and regional governments. The United States have a federal system of government where the states and national government practice the seperation of powers system within their own scopes of authority. The Fourth Amendment protects the right of the people against unreasonable searches and seizures†. The Fourth Amendment, spoke to the importance of federalism as a mechanism to secure liberty for the American people. Sta te courtsRead MoreEssay on United States Government and Federalism1473 Words   |  6 PagesOver the last two centuries the United States has grappled with the idea of federalism. While former President James Madison had a very concrete understanding of that form of governance, â€Å"In the compound republic of America, the power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments, and then portion allotted to each subdivided among distinct and separate departments† (Madison, 1788, p. 67), the United States has never had a conclusive division of power between the stateRead MoreThe Consequences of an Increasingly Globalized World Essay1330 Words   |  6 Pagesthe inefficiency of national government to respond to local needs in times of strife. Before moving deeper into the argument for the applicability of federalism to all states, we must first comprehend what this principle advocates. Described by Heywood as lying between the political organisation of a confederacy and a unitary state , federalism then can best be understood as a compromise between the extremes of decentralization in the former and of centralization in the latter, creating unity whileRead MoreThe Political Structure Of Usa1115 Words   |  5 PagesHello everyone, today I will speak about political structure of USA. I would like to start with some definitions. I know you know most of them but to not get confused by these terms, first we have to know their meaning. Forms of Government Democracy literally means â€Å"rule of people†. This is a system which people choose their leaders directly or indirectly by voting. What do I mean by directly or indirectly? In direct or pure democracies, people decide about the policies that affect them directly

Aged Care Essay 3 - 1928 Words

WRITTEN RESPONSE This essay aims to represent an argument between two view points: to remain in their own homes with ongoing support from families and the health system or going to residential aged care of elderly in Australia. Especially, it deals with the issue of increasing ageing population in Australia includes statistical information highlighting some causes and telltales. The context presented is economic and social. It also looks at the effects that increasing of the ageing population has on society, the individual and the Australian economy. Australia is one of the most advantaged aged care systems in the world. The increasing numbers of ageing population is one of the major transformations being experienced by†¦show more content†¦(Support and Care Options, 2008). It is quite certain that the majority of older people prefer to remain in their own home for as long as possible because they feel comfortable and secure in the environment they know so well. It has been recognised by researchers that the best option for elderly is to remain in their own home, but this is dependent on their health and safety...[elderly people] they are reluctant to apply this to themselves.(Denson, 2006). In comparison, Aged care in Australia includes everything from quantity aged care homes through to a wide range of schemes that give older people a change to live in their own homes and maintain their independence. In addition, Community Care Services provides much needed monitoring and support service to ensure the older person is able to live in their own home. They cover everything from community nursing, meals, domestic help, personal care, home modifications, transport and day therapies and support for people with cultural and identifiable needs, as well as for people with particular health conditions. For example, meals on wheels services provide a nutritional food, Vital Call service to help the aged people in an emergency case. Some of the ways may support the older people are get assistance with â€Å"home help†,Show MoreRelatedAging Population : A Social Problem944 Words   |  4 PagesAging population is now a worldwide issue for both under-developed and developed countries. This has created many implications for health care and government policies. In this essay, I will start with an introduction of what aging population is all about. The next paragraph will highlight why our aging society is seen as a social problem in relation to social, economic and political effects and ways in which the state can respond to this aging population issues. An ageing population is â€Å"definedRead MoreAnalysis of the Representation of Women in Magazines Essay714 Words   |  3 PagesWomen in Magazines In this essay, I am going to analyse how girls and women are represented in a range of magazines. Depending on the target audience, the contents of the magazine differs. This essay will look and describe the differences between the magazines and why they are there. The age groups and magazines I will be examining are; teenage with the magazine ‘Sneak,’ twenty somethings with the magazine ‘Glamour,’ and middle aged with the magazine ‘Women’s Own.’Read MoreThe Role Of Nurse Management Asthma And School Health Program1522 Words   |  7 Pagesasthma is a common and burden of developed countries, including Australia and America. This essay will evaluate these artefacts and journals that indicate accurately and precisely about psychosocial effects of living with asthma as regards less self- management, challenging in educational environment, including classmate attitude. These reasons are highly serious risk of psychiatric illness, so this essay will discuss about the role of nurse in management asthma and school health program. 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Summarize the U.S. social class ladder as proposed by Joseph KahlRead MoreWhy Are the Waiting Times in Public Hospital Emergency Departments so Long? What Contributes to This? What Are We Doing Too Address This Problem?809 Words   |  4 Pages8/04/11 1:22 AM Jasmin Charles: Essay Why are the waiting times in Public hospital emergency Departments so long? What contributes to this? What are we doing too address this problem? Waiting times in public hospital have been a big issue in the media lately. Politicians addressing these issues and using them as a bargaining point in their campaigns by making promises to fix the current health care problem by extra funding or a re-form in the health care. Public health patients featuring inRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1641 Words   |  7 Pagespre-operational stage which occurred between the ages of 2 to 7 years. The third stage is the concrete operational stage which happens when a child is aged between 7 to 11 years. The final stage of development is known as the formal operational stage and this happens from the age of 11 years and onwards. The stage that will be the focus of this essay is the pre-operational stage that occurs during early childhood. It is during this stage that children have been observed as being ego-centric. Ego-Read MoreAcute Rheumatic Fever (ARF) and Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD)1512 Words   |  7 Pagesinadequate health care and poor hygiene. In comparison both ARF and RHD have virtually been eliminated in industrialized countries (Steer Carapetis, 2009). It is therefore of significant concern that indigenous populations of New Zealand still remain highly effected by ARF and RHD, potentially affecting 1 in 3 Maori and Pacific children with significant morbidity and mortality among young adults (The National Heart Foundation of New Zealand, 2007). In conjunction to this statistic, this essay will examineRead MoreAnalysis Of Don t Blame The Eater988 Words   |  4 Pagesaccusations of manipulation by the fast food industry. Zinczenko asks questions to support his arguments and guide the reader to what he believes to be actually true. He starts off the essay using an analogy: is the case of children who sued McDonald’s for their obesity the same as the case of middle-aged men suing Porsche for their speeding tickets? (Paragraph 1). He points out the fallacy of the men suing someone else for something that was their own fault (such as receiving a speeding ticket)Read MoreThe Theory And Practices Of Reflection1254 Words   |  6 Pagesreflective and goal orientated nature. Critical thinking is central to quality nursing practice. It is therefore important that nurses purposefully use and develop their critical thinking ability in order to deliver safe and effective patient care. This essay looks first at the theory and practices of reflection along with its benefits are discussed. It then identifies consequences of not being a reflective practitioner. Finally, it discusses methods by which nurses c an improve practice by critically

Hewelett Packard Case Wiac Free Essays

Human Resource management| HP Case| WAC Submission| | Submitted By: Syed Ahad GardeziM. Awais IbrahimSyed Ammar HassanZaid Rahman ShamsiMBA II29-Nov-12| Lahore School of Economics Submitted to: Prof. F. We will write a custom essay sample on Hewelett Packard Case Wiac or any similar topic only for you Order Now A. Fareedy Company Background: HP products were mainly electronic test and measuring instruments for engineers and scientist. Since then HP has added computers, calculators, medical electronic equipment and many more products. HP had 57000 employees worldwide and there were 20 manufacturing locations spread across the United States and 8 others around the world. Company’s objectives were first put in writing in 1957. Product Strategy: The prevailing importance is on RD to products that will compete by new technical contribution rather than through marketing or to the competitive devices. The product strategy reflects the external modification, technical contribution and basic design or purposes of the instruments were not altered. HP’s focus was on technical contribution and short run profits rather than improving long term growth. Organization: The fundamental business unit at HP is the product division. The division is an incorporated self-sustaining organization with a great deal of independence. No product area is a division until it contains the six basic functions of RD, manufacturing, marketing, quality assurance finance and personnel. At the end of 1980 there were 40 HP divisions. Coordination of divisions’ activities is the responsibility of 10 product groups. Financial Element: The financial reporting system also provides special statements to view each division’s success in worldwide management of its product line. Each ivision is measured along two dimensions: 1) The financial results of the actual manufacturing of products in the divisions. 2) The total worldwide activity in the divisions’ product line’s whenever they are manufactures. Capital allocations are negotiated during the yearly budgeting process although divisions are expected to be self-sustaining over any time period. Human Resource Elements: Hiring is done by normal interviewing pr ocesses. Testing is rare and then limited to specialized skills tests mostly pertinent to a position. The confrontation with the problem growth in 1973 also led to the expansion of training in the values and methods of HP. Executive seminars were increased and a new series of courses started for supervisors on managing at HP. The course is offered for the employees and it was taught by the local personnel staff and by at least by one lone manager. The routine tasks of employees are carried by a comprehensive system of management by objective (MBO). By introducing this system HP thought that each group or division to operate as a completely separate business. So that divisions have freedom of choice in their operations. The perception of the entire team about the success of HP is the communication at each level of division which is due to trust, team work and openness. HP used a variety of techniques to encourage an ongoing dialogues with its. One way it tries to do this is by an open door policy. Supervisor was there to promote the employees and helped them in to seek any advice. The career was given a specific name at HP that was â€Å"career maze†. â€Å"This phrase acknowledges the normalcy of cross functional, cross divisional, and lateral moves that often occur over the course of career at HP. The performance appraisal and salary administration process also expose individual employees to many managers around the company. The performance components were predominant in the line with HP and moreover pay positions of the employees closely related to the performance. Problems Loss of Human Capital One issue that HP faces is the loss of human capital. The company is not very good in retainin g its most important resource and is facing problems in this regard. The workforce of HP is so competent and all the employees are very proficient when they were hired that they only needed just a little bit of xperience and learning to touch the heights of success. HP spends too much of its resources and time to train these employees in such a way that they could make big decisions and right decisions on their own without any difficulties and hesitation. All this learning and experience make them capable of doing their own business and make them self sufficient. These employees then no longer want to stay in the company but want to grow by starting their own new ventures. Loss of these employees may not affect the company in short run but it will be very costly for HP in the long run. Doubtful Career of Employees Another rather minor but an important issue in the company is that employees are not aware about when they will be promoted and where they could be working in the company for their next assignment. So there is so much ambiguity about the career of the employees due to which they cannot plan about their career. And when they are not sure about their career and could not plan much for it, they might get de- motivated which is again not a very good sign for the company. De-motivated employees cannot work on their full potential and efficiency and the loss is then beard by the company. Complex Organization Culture Thirdly the organizational culture of HP is varied and cannot be understood very easily and quickly. One of the reasons is that it is not very well defined by the company. Goals, objectives and strategies are very well communicated to the employees but then they are set free to choose whichever path they want to choose for accomplishing the tasks. Employees can give their input and suggestions to their supervisors about their jobs and also they can have flexible hours. Participative management style is used by the company but at the same time the case also discusses how new employees get confused when they were communicated the objectives of the company only and then they’ll have to choose themselves how to achieve them by doing what? This is why most of them asked about what are they going to do about these objectives and what exactly was their jobs? Informal Environment The company has formalized procedures but they did not focus too much on following them. In fact, the president himself said that we don’t focus much n the ‘way’ but the only thing in which they are concerned with is the completion of tasks and achievement of deadlines. Despite having the formal procedures the company is using informal procedures and given employees full freedom so that innovation may continuously take place in the company. But on the same time it is a growing company with lots of potential. Currently it has fifty seven thousand employee s which are expected to increase so such an informal and flexible culture would never sustain in a growing environment. Recommendations: Hp is a huge organization with about 57000 employees all together. The company’s culture has been working fine for the employees who get involved in it and with time, they do become a part of it. In its culture, employees were given freedom of how to complete their tasks in a given time along with some set of procedures they had to comply with. This culture has been followed since the company’s long history and has proven to be successful and an edge over the other companies. To keep up with this culture and also to make new comers feel comfortable and see themselves as adjustable to it, we think that here, the role of the senior employees comes into part. The seniors have to be more compliant, more welcoming and help the new employees feel that now they are a part of it. Another problem we see in the case is a flaw in the Human Resource Department’s plan. As mentioned in the case that employees left the company in an effort to start their own ventures and when they failed with it and wanted to join Hp again, they were welcomed in the company. First of all, there shouldn’t be employees who leave the company. Reasons for this should be identified and taken into notice. A reason mentioned in the case is that there were no defined career paths for the employees which could be a major reason for employees in leaving Hp. This matter should be resolved by proper succession planning and giving a defined path to the employees so that they get to know what position in the firm they might be aiming for in future. Secondly, the employees who wanted to rejoin Hp must not be welcomed to rejoin. This would create a norm within the employees of leaving and coming back whenever they wish to. If they have this idea in mind that it is safe to leave their job at any point in time and if they come back they’ll be accepted, they would work half-heartedly for Hp and not perform as they are capable of. So, we recommend that a fair of job security should be there in the employees before they decide to leave the firm. With a proper succession plan, the posts of the employees who leave should be filled instantly and the post would be no longer available for that employee who left. This way, the employees would think twice before leaving the firm and then make their final decision. 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